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Ramsar site management plans -- Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China

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Management Plan

Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve, Hainan, China

Wetlands International-China Program

Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau

Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve

Supported through the

Small Grants Fund of the Ramsar Convention Bureau

chinaplan.jpg (35535 bytes) EDITORIAL BOARD

Chief of Editorial Board: Chen Kelin

Vice-Chief of Editorial Board: Wu Huasheng

Editors: Chen Kelin, Chen Guizhu, Huang Zhongqi, John Howes, Li Zuowei, Mo Yanni, Wu Huasheng, Wu Tingjie, Yan Chenggao, Yun Daxing, Zheng Xinren

Contents of files 1 and 2

Preface

Executive Summary

Chapter 1. General Information

Chapter 2. Evaluation and Goals

Chapter 3. Management Scenarios

Chapter 4 Budget

4.1 Budget

Table 5. Budget for implementation of the 5 year management plan

Activities	Item (RMB)	Funding in RMB
1: Identifying and demarcating functional zones of the Nature Reserve and identifying main functions of each zone		50,000
1.1 Demarcating functional zones, map publication	50,000	50,000
2: Demarcating the reserve’s boundary and setting up stakes and information signs		350,000
2.1 On-the-spot survey of the reserve boundary	*20persons60day200yuan/day*	240,000
2.2 Set up 600 concrete boundary stakes	*600100yuan**	60,000
2.3 Set up 100 education boards	*100500yuan**	50,000
3: Strengthening organization and capacity of management staff		3,000,000
3.1 Nature Reserve running costs and salary (40 staffs)	*40persons15000yuan/year5year*	3,000,000
4: Strengthening Reserve infrastructure		7,452,000
4.1 Infrastructure
4.1.1 one gate for the Nature Reserve	*1100,000**	100,000
4.1.2 Staff housing 1145m²	*1145m²750yuan/m²**	859,000
4.1.3 Research an working Building 2900 m²	*2900m²750yuan/m²**	2,175,000
4.1.4 Establish 2 management station(1080 m²)	*1080m²750yuan/m²**	810,000
4.2 Road construction
4.2.1 Cement road 1km	*1km200000yuan/km**	200,000
4.2.2 Stone road 8km	*8km20000yuan/km**	160,000
4.2.3 Asphalt road 4km	*4km100000yuan/km**	400,000
4.3 Water and Power Supply
4.3.1 Well 3	*3100000yuan**	300,000
4.3.2 Water tower 1	*1210000yuan**	210,000
4.3.3 Drainage works 1km	*1km100000yuan/km**	100,000
4.3.4 Power supply		67,000
4.3.5 Communication works	Telephone and radio etc.	84,000
4.4 Patrol and transport facilities
4.4.1 Establish 2 observation towers	*2170000yuan**	340,000
4.4.2 two jeeps	*2200000yuan**	400,000
4.4.3 six motorcycles	*612000yuan**	72,000
4.4.4 three boats	*3150000yuan**	450,000
4.4.5 ten Hand-phones	*105000yuan**	50,000
4.5 Others
4.5.1 Plantation	Hedgerow and grass	60,000
4.5.2 Enclosing wall and sea dyke 1km	*1km160000yuan/km**	160,000
4.6 Research and work facilities
4.6.1 Jeep 1	*1200000yuan**	200,000
4.6.2 Mini bus 1	*1200000yuan**	200,000
4.6.3 Computer 2	*212500yuan**	25,000
4.6.4 Duplicator 1	*120000yuan**	20,000
4.6.5 Facsimile 1	*110000yuan**	10,000
5: Reinforcement of Reserve management regulations		50,000
5.1 Develop a regulation on management of the NR	50,000	50,000
6: Establishment of Joint Leading Group to oversee Reserve management		100,000
6.1 Establish a joint management committee and running	100,000	100,000
7: Restoration of the mangrove ecosystem		722,500
7.1 Establish a 2 ha nursery	*2hm²25000yuan/year5year*	250,000
7.2 Restoration of mangrove ecosystem 135 hm²	*135hm²3500yuan/hm²**	472,500
8: Increase area of rare mangrove species		245,000
8.1 Mangrove reforestation 70 hm²	*70hm²3500yuan/hm²**	245,000
9: Development of sustainable ecotourism based on mangrove forest resource		2,570,000
9.1Conduct a carrying capacity analysis	50,000	50,000
9.2construction of eco-tourist facilities
9.2.1 Establish three Piers	*3?300000yuan/?**	900,000
9.2.2 Yacht 9	*9120000yuan**	1,080,000
9.2.3 Establish a pavilion	220000yuan	220,000
9.2.4 Walking path 1km	*1km50000yuan/km**	50,000
9.2.5 Fishing facilities	*205000yuan**	100,000
9.2.6 Establish two bird watching towers	*2?35000yuan**	70,000
9.3Training of tourist guides 10	*10persons10,000**	100,000
10: Promotion of community development in and around protected area		1,000,000
10.1 Fish breeding	1,000,000	1,000,000
11: Undertake applied and targeted research on mangrove ecosystems to benefit Reserve management		500,000
11.1 Research on quantification of ecological, social and economic benefits generated by mangrove in the Reserve	200,000	200,000
11.2 Research on productivity of the mangrove wetland ecosystem	200,000	200,000
11.3 Research on ecological monitoring of the mangrove wetland ecosystem	100,000	100,000
12: Strengthening protection of rare bird species		600,000
12.1 Equipment for the field work	100,000	100,000
12.2 Establish a waterbird monitoring center	500,000	500,000
13: Increased protection of rare and endangered mangrove species		500,000
13.1 Establish a conservation and research center for mangrove genetic resources	500,000	500,000
14: Protection of endangered mammals		100,000
14.1 Mammals resources monitoring and management	100,000	100,000
15: Baseline survey of resources in the reserve		582,000
15.1 Baseline survey of resources in the reserve	*6group6persons60day200yuan/day**	432,000
15.2 Report and map publication	150,000	150,000
16: Establishment of an ecological monitoring programme		800,000
16.1 Establishment and running of ecological monitoring stations and system		500,000
16.2 Equipment for the mornitoring		200,000
16.3 Remote sensing and GIS apply in dynamic monitoring		100,000
17: Developing a Dongzhaigang Biodiversity Database		200,000
17.1 Set up a database of Reserve resources	200,000	200,000
18: Wise use of marine and inter-tidal resources		100,000
18.1 Develop a regulation on fishing in the reserve	100,000	100,000
19: Development of medicinal plant resources		200,000
19.1 Development of medicinal plant	200,000	200,000
20: Develop and implement an applied research programme for endangered species conservation		500,000
20.1Development of Action Plans for endangered bird species	100,000	100,000
20.2Development of Action Plans for rare mangrove plant species	100,000	100,000
20.3Experiments on propagation of endangered and economically important mangrove species	100,000	100,000
20.4Experiments on culture of marine shellfish of high economic value	100,000	100,000
20.5Experiments on development and utilization of medicinal plants.	100,000	100,000
21: Increase public education and outreach to local communities		200,000
21.1 Develop TV and broadcast education program	100,000	100,000
21.2 Develop information boards and posters	50,000	50,000
21.1 Award to encourage community involve in the environment education activities	50,000	50,000
22: Increase environmental education to local schools and children		200,000
22.1 Organizing of camps for pupils	*10times20,000**	200,000
23: Promotion of awareness through ecotourism		1,100,000
23.1 Print booklets on nature conservation	100,000	100,000
23.2 Establish an education center	*1000m²750yuan/hm²**	750,000
23.3 Education equipment and facilities	200,000	200,000
23.4 Set up exhibition windows	50,000	50,000
24: Strengthening of staff training		750,000
24.1 Long term training 10 person time	*10persons20000yuan/person**	200,000
24.2 Short term training course 10 times	*10times40000yuan**	400,000
24.3 3 persons overseas study tour	*3persons50000yuan/person**	150,000
25: Scientific planning and management of inter-tidal mudflat resources		100,000
25.1 Scientific planning of mudflat resources	100,000	100,000
26: Controlling point-source of land based pollutants in the Reserve catchment		200,000
26.1 Planning and implementation of control land sources of pollutants	200,000	200,000
27: Controlling potential polluting impacts of tourism		200,000
27.1 Planning and implementation of Control pollutants brought by tourists	200,000	200,000
28: Controlling oil pollution caused by boats		200,000
28.1 Planning and implementation of Control oil pollution caused by boats	200,000	200,000
TOTAL		23,571,500

4.2 Funding sources

The fund for implementation of the Management Plan will be provided by the responsible authorities of national, provincial and municipal governments. In the meantime financial and technical assistance will also be sought from national and international sources.

4.3 Project benefits and risk assessment

The effective implementation of the Management Plan will provide the following benefits:

Environmental benefits: including the conservation of biodiversity and improvement of eco-environment;

Social benefits: Ecotourism will increase employment opportunities. The living and cultural level of the reserve staff and surrounding communities will also be improved;

Economic benefits: The diversified economy and the joint economy of local communities will increase economic income;

Management benefits: The full use of human resources, improved institutional mechanism and community-involved management will improve management level.

The possible risks during the project implementation include:

The low institutional capacity of the nature reserve management office; insufficient involvement of local communities in nature reserve and uncertainty of funding sources. A major risk is the natural disasters such as unpredictable tropical storm surge.

4.4 Sustainable development of the National Nature Reserve

The management level and public awareness will be improved through the implementation of Management Plan and thus the sustainable development of the Reserve can be probably achieved.

Chapter 5. Review and Modification

Independent review mechanism

The Reserve management authority will make timely modification and revision to the goals and corresponding activities of the management plan based on its implementation and regular independent reviews. This will ensure coordination and compliance between the management plan and the actual situation.

An independent Evaluation Group for Management Plan Implementation will be established. The Evaluation Group will be responsible for the annual evaluation to the management plan. The evaluations should include the implementation progress of the management plan and a review of weaknesses in the plan itself. Suggestions to the modification of the management plan based on changed circumstances should also be made in the evaluation.

The Reserve management authority will appoint specialists to modify and revise the management plan based on the evaluation report produced by the Evaluation Group. The revised management plan will be implemented after review and adoption.

Appendix 1. Annual plan for implementation of the Dongzhaigang management plan

Activities

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

1: Identifying and demarcating functional zones of the Nature Reserve and identifying main functions of each zone

1.1 Demarcating functional zones, map publication

2: Demarcating the reserve’s boundary and setting up stakes and information signs

2.1 On-the-spot survey of the reserve boundary

2.2 Set up 600 concrete boundary stakes

2.3 Set up 100 education boards

3: Strengthening organization and capacity of management staff

4: Strengthening Reserve infrastructure

5: Reinforcement of Reserve management regulations

5.1 Develop a regulation on management of the NR

6: Establishment of Joint Leading Group to oversee Reserve management

6.1 Establish a joint management committee and running

7: Restoration of the mangrove ecosystem

7.1 Establish a 2 ha nursery

7.2 Restoration of mangrove ecosystem 135 hm²

8: Increase area of rare mangrove species

8.1 Mangrove reforestation 70 hm²

9: Development of sustainable ecotourism based on mangrove forest resource

9.1Conduct a carrying capacity analysis

9.2construction of eco-tourist facilities

9.3Training of tourist guides 10

10: Promotion of community development in and around protected area

10.1 Fish breeding

11: Undertake applied and targeted research on mangrove ecosystems to benefit Reserve management

11.1 Research on quantification of ecological, social and economic benefits generated by mangrove in the Reserve

11.2 Research on productivity of the mangrove wetland ecosystem

11.3 Research on ecological monitoring of the mangrove wetland ecosystem

12: Strengthening protection of rare bird species

12.1 Equipment for the field work

12.2 Establish a waterbird monitoring center

13: Increased protection of rare and endangered mangrove species

13.1 Establish a conservation and research center for mangrove genetic resources

14: Protection of endangered mammals

15: Baseline survey of resources in the reserve

15.1 Baseline survey of resources in the reserve

15.2 Report and map publication

16: Establishment of an ecological monitoring programme

16.1 Establishment and running of ecological monitoring stations and system

17: Developing a Dongzhaigang Biodiversity Database

18: Wise use of marine and inter-tidal resources

18.1 Develop a regulation on fishing in the reserve

19: Development of medicinal plant resources

20: Develop and implement an applied research programme for endangered species conservation

20.1Development of Action Plans for endangered bird species

20.2Development of Action Plans for rare mangrove plant species

20.3Experiments on propagation of endangered and economically important mangrove species

20.4Experiments on culture of marine shellfish of high economic value

20.5Experiments on development and utilization of medicinal plants.

21: Increase public education and outreach to local communities

22: Increase environmental education to local schools and children

23: Promotion of awareness through ecotourism

23.1 Print booklets on nature conservation

23.2 Establish an education center

24: Strengthening of staff training

25: Scientific planning and management of inter-tidal mudflat resources

25.1 Scientific planning of mudflat resources

26: Controlling point-source of land based pollutants in the Reserve catchment

26.1 Planning and implementation of control land sources of pollutants

27: Controlling potential polluting impacts of tourism

27.1 Planning and implementation of Control pollutants brought by tourists

28: Controlling oil pollution caused by boats

28.1 Planning and implementation of Control oil pollution caused by boats

Appendix 2. The list of mangrove species in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.

B.sexangula (Lour.) Poir.

B.sexangula var. rhynchopetala Ko

Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob.

Kandelia candel (L.) Druce

Rhizophora stylosa Griff

Rhizophora apiculata Bl.

Lumnitzera racemosa (Jack.) Voigt

L. littorea (L.) Gaertn

Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.

S. hainanensis Ko

S. paracaseolaris

S. ovata Backer

S. alba J.Smith

S. apetala Buch.-Ham.

Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco

Acanthus ebrecteatus Vahl.

A. ilicifolius L.

Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.

Nypa fruticans Wurmb.

Acrostichum aureum L.

A. speciosum Willd.

Excoecaria agallocha L.

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn.f.

Xylocarpus granatum Koenig

Heritiera littoralia (Dryand.) Ait.

*Introduced Species

The List of semi-mangrove species and mangrove associated species in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name

Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.

Hibiscus tiliaceus L.

Thespesia populnea (L.) Solandex Correa

Cerbera manghas Linn.

Dolichandrone spathacea Sch.

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet

Sesuvium portulacastrum L.

Suaeda australis (R.Br.) Moq

Atriplex repens Roth.

Casearia menbranacea Hance

Terminalis catappa L.

Calophyllum inophyllum L.

Caesalpinia crista L.

C. nuga (L.) Ait

Derris trifoliata Lour.

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr.

Canavala maritina (Aubl.) Thou

Dalbergia torta Crah.

Erythrina variegata var. orientalis (L.) Merr.

Maytenus diversifolius (Maxim) Hou

Clerodendron inerme (L.) Gaertn.

Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham

Limonium sinense (Gerard) Kuntze

Scaevola hainanensis Hance

Scaevola sericea Vahl.

Morinda citrifolia L.

Pluchoa indica (L.) Less

Wedelia biflora (L.) Dc.

Launaea sarmentosa (Eilld.) Merr.

Caryota ochlandra Hance

Cocos nucifera L.

Pandanus tectorius Sol.

Fimbristylis sericea (Poir.) R. Br.

Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl.

Paspalum distichum L.

Paspalum var. distichum (L.) Kunth

Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.

Ischaemum barbatum Retz.

Phragnites karka (Retz.) Trin

Spinfex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr.

Appendix 3. The List of Bird Species in Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

English Name	Scientific Name
Red-throated Diver	Gavia stellata	*
Little Grebe	Podiceps ruficollis
Common Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea
Purple Heron	Ardea purpurea	*
Little Green Heron	Butorides striatus
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Large Egret	Egretta alba	*
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta
Chinese Egret	Egretta eulophotes
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	*
Black-Crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	*
Cinnamon Bittern	Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Little Bitten	Ixobrychus minutus	*
Chinese Night Heron	Gorsachius magnificus
Great Bittern	Botaurus stellaris	*
Spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	*
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	*
Bean Goose	Anser fabalis	*
Greylag Goose	Anser anser
Common Teal	Anas crecca	*
Baikal Teal	Anas formosa	*
Falcated Teal	Anas falcata	*
Wigeon	Anas penelope	*
Garganey	Anas querquedula	*
Cotton Teal	Nettapus coromandelianus
Black-winged Kite	Elanus caeruleus
Black Kite	Milvus korschun
Sparrow Hawk	Accipiter nisus
Buzzard	Buteo buteo
Marsh Harrier	Circus aeruginosus	*
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus
Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus
Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus
Blue-breasted Banded Rail	Rallus striatus
Ruddy Crake	Porzana fusca	*
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus
Water Cock	Gallicrex cinerea	*
Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	*
Coot	Fulica atra
Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Painted Snipe	Rostratula benghalensis	*
Spur-winged Lapwing	Vanellus duvaucelii
Grey Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	*
Eastern Golden Plover	Pluvialis dominica	*
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius
Ringed Plover	Charadrius hiaticula
Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus
Lesser Sand Plover	Charadrius mongolus	*
Large Sand Plover	Charadrius leschenaultii	*
Eurasian Curlew	Numenius arquata	*
Eastern Curlew	Numenius madagascariensis	*
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	*
Black-tailed Godwit	Limosa limosa	*
Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus	*
Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	*
Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	*
Greenshank	Tringa nebularis	*
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	*
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	*
Common Sandpiper	Tringa hypoleucos	*
Grey Sandpiper	Tringa incana	*
Terek Sandpiper	Xenus cinerea	*
Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	*
Swinhoe’s Snipe	Capella megala	*
Pintail Snipe	Capella stenura
Fantail Snipe	Capella gallinago	*
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	*
Red-necked Stint	Calidris ruficollis	*
Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta	*
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper	Calidris acuminata	*
Dunlin	Calidris alpina	*
Curlew Sandpiper	Calidris ferrugines	*
Broad-billed Sandpiper	Limicola falcinellus	*
Sanderling	Crocethia alba	*
Red-necked Phalarope	Phalaropodidae	*
Great Stone Plover	Esacus magnirostris
Common Gull	Larus canus	*
Herring Gull	Larus argentatus	*
Black –headed Gull	Larus ridibundus	*
Saunder’s Gull	Larus saundersi
Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybrida
White-winged Black Tern	Childonias leucoptera
Gull-billed Tern	Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian Tern	Hydroprogne tschegrava
Black-naped Tern	Sterna sumatrana	*
Brown-winged Tern	Sterna anaethetus	*
Little Tern	Sterna albifrons	*
Short-billed Guillemot	Synthliboramphus antiquus	*
Rufous Turle Dove	Streptopelia orientalis
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia chinensis
Red Turtle Dove	Oenopopelia tranquebarica
Orange-breasted Green Pigeon	Treron bicincta
Indian Cuckoo	Cuculus micropterus
Himalayan Cuckoo	Cuculus saturatus	*
Crow	Centropus sinensis
Lesser Crow Pheasant	Centropus toulou
Collared Scops Owl	Otus bakkamoena
Large White-rumped Swift	Apus pacificus	*
House Swift	Apus affinis	*
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle lugubris
Lesser Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis
Three-toed Kingfisher	Ceyx erithacus
White-breasted Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis
Black-capped Kingfisher	Halcyon pileata
Hoopoe	Upupa epops
Lesser Skylark	Alauda gulgula
House Swallow	Hirundo rustica	*
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	*
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea
Pied Wagtail	Noracilla alba	*
Padd-field Pipit	Anthus novaeseelandiae	*
Oriental Tree Pipit	Anthus hodgsoni	*
Chinese Bulbul	Pycnonotus sinensis
Black Bulbul	Hypsipetes madagascariensis
Rufous-backed Shrike	Lanius schach
Black Drongo	Dicrurus macrocercus
Bronze Drongo	Dicrurus aeneus
Grey-backed Starling	Sturnus sinensis
House Myna	Acridotheres tristis
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus
Crackle	Ggracula religiosa
Swinhoe’s Red-tailed Robin	Luscinia sibilans	*
Siberian Rubythroat	Luscinia calliope	*
Red –Flanked Bush Robin	Tarsiger cyanurus	*
Magpie Robin	Copsychus saularis
Stonechat	Saxicola torquata
Blue Rock Thrush	Monticola solitarius
Grey-backed Thrush	Turdus hortulorum	*
Grey Thrush	Turdus cardis	*
Blackbird	Turdus merula
Spectacled Laughing Thrush	Garrulax perspicillatus
Greater Necklaced Laughing Thrush	Garrulax pectoralis
Black-throated Langhing Thrush	Garrulax chinensis
Hwamei	Garrulax canorus
Could’s Tit Babbler	Alcippe brunnea
Pale-footed Bush Warbler	Cettia pallidipes
Scaly-headed Bush Warbler	Cettia squameiceps	*
Singing Bush Warbler	Cettia diphone
Dusky Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus
Thick-billed Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus schwarzi
Yellow-browed Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus inornatus	*
Rufous Fantail Warbler	Cisticola juncidis
Long-tailed Tailor Bird	Orthotemus sutorius
Greater Brown Wren Warbler	Prinia subflava
Yellow Bellied Wren Warbler	Prinia flaviventris
Brown Flycatcher	Muscicapa latirostris	*
Ferruginous	Muscicapa ferruginea
Fork-tailed Sunbird	Aethopyga christinae
Yellow-breasted Sunbird	Nectarinia jugularis
Dark Green White-eye	Zosterops japonica
Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus
Spotted Mannikin	Lonchura punctulata
Chestnut Mannikin	Lonchura malacca
Yellow-breasted Bunting	Emberiza aureola
Grey-headed Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	*
Gray Tree Pie	Crypsirina formasae	*

(Protect level)

* (Listed in the China-Japan and China-Australia Migratory Bird Protection Agreement)

Appendix 4. The List of fish Species in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name	Scientific name
Triakidae	Nibea albifora (Richardson)
Mustelus griscus (Pietschmann)	Leiognathidae
Elopidae	Leiognathus equulus(Forskal)
Elope saurus Linnaeus	Leiognathus bindus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)
Megalopidae	Gerridae
Megalops cyprinoides(Broussonet)	Gerreomorpha decacantha(Bleeker)
Cluperdae	Lutjanidae
Harengula ovalis(Bennett)	Lujtanus russelli Bleeker
Clupannodon punctatus(Schlegel)	Sparidae
Llisha indica(Swainson)	Taius tumifrons (Temminck et Schlegel)
Engraulidae	Sparus latus Houttuyn
Anchoviella tri(Bleeker)	Pomadasyidae
Ophichthyidae	Parapristipoma trilineatum(Thunberg)
Trachinocephalus myops(Bl)	Theraponidae
Muaenesocidae	Theraapon jarbua(Forskal)
Muraenesox talabonoides(Blecker)	Mullidae
Ophichthyidae	Upeneus Luzonius Jordan et Scale
Cirrhimuraena chinensis	Ephippidae
Pisoodonophis boro(Hamilton Buchanan)	Ephippus orbis (Bloch)
Pisoodonophis csnerivorous(Richardson)	Drepanidae
Ophichthys apicalis(Bennett)	Drepane punctata(Linnacus)
Muraenidae	Congrogadidae
Thyrsoidea macrurus(Beeker)	Congrogadus Subducens (Richardson)
Belonidae	Ammodytidae
Tylosurus strongylurus(van haaaselt)	Bleekeria anguillivirdis(Fowler)
Hemirhamphidae	Siganidae
Hemihamphus dussumieri Cuvier et Valenciennes	Siganus fuscescens(Houttuyn)
Sphyraenidae	Trichiuridae
Sphyraena jello Cuvier et Valenciennes	Trichiurus haumela(Forskal)
Mugilidae	Eleotridae
Mugil carinatus Cuvier et Valenciennes	Butis butis(Hamilton)
Mugil offinis Gunther	Gobiidae
Polynemidae	Oxyurichthys microlepis
Eleutheronema tetradactylus(Shaw)	Acentrogobius viridipunctaatus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)
Serranidae	Acentrogobius caninus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)
Epomepjelis mapabarcrs (Bloch et Schncider)	Ctenogobius criniger (Cuvier et Valenciennes)
Lates calcarfer(Bloch)	Scorpaenidae
Carangidae	Sebastcus marmoratus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)
Caxanx equula Temminck et Schlegel	Triglidae
Caranx Sexfasciatus Quoy et Gaimard	Lepidotrigla kanagashira Kamohara
Caranx ignobills(Forskal)	Soleidae
Caranx kalla(Cuvier et Valenciennes)	Brachirus orientalis
Caranx mate(Cuvier et Valenciennes)	Pardachirus pavoninus
Caranx malam(Bleeker)	Cynoglossidae
Seriola dumerili(Richardson)	Paraplagusia bilineata
Sciaenidae	Periophthalmiddae
Otilithes argenteus Cuvier	Scartelaos viridis
Sciaena russelli(Cuvier et Valenciennes)

Appendix 5. The list of benthons in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name	Scientific name
PLATYHELMINTHES	Tellina virgata
Parap1anocera.sp	Tellinides timorensis
ANNELIDA	Merisca diaphana
Nectoneanthes oxypoda	Cyclotellina remies
Perinereis aibuhitensis	Macoma(Psammacoma) candida
G1ycera chirori	Sinonovacula constricta
Tylonereis bogoyawlesky	Pharella acutidens
Nama1ycastis aibiuma	Pitar?Pitarinum?striaum
Notomastus latericeus	Dosinia?Phacosoma?cumingii
Limnodriloides sp	Gafrarium tumidum Roding
Pontodrilus sp?	Circe stutzeri
SIPUNCULA	Meretrix lusoria
Phascolosoma escu1enta	Meretrix lusoria
MOLLUSCA	Anomalodiscus squamosus
Tegil1arca granosa	Clausinella calopblla
Arcopsis sculptilis	Clausinella isabellina
Arcopsis interplicata	Cyclina sinensis
Modiolus?Fulgida? f1avidu	Marcia hiantina
Placuna?P1acuna?placenta	Tapes dorsalus
Hyotissa hyotis	Cryptonema producta
Ostrea mordax	Sepia aculeata
Crassostrea rivu1aris	ARTHR0P0DA
Vignadu1a artata	Metapenaeus intermedius
potamocorbu1a rubromuscula	Penaeus?Penaeus?monodon
Venerilae	Penaeus merguiensis
Pectinidae	Palaemon serrifer
Ilommya mutabilis	Alpheus distinguendus
Laternu1a (Exo1aternu1a?truncat	Philyra carinat
Clithom oualaniensisa	Scylla serrata
Bithynia fuchsiana	Sesarma picta
Turritel1a bacillum	Sesarma plicatu
Cerithidea cingu1ata	Portunus pelagicus
Batil1aria zonalis	portunus sanguinolentus
Cerithidea rhizophorum	Portunus trituberculatus
Terebralia sulcta	Mictyris longicarpus
Umbonium uestiarium	Uca?Thalassuca?borealis
Chicoreus ramosus	Uca arcuata
Naticidae	Uca lactea
Turridae	Macrophthalmus(Mareotis) erato
Neritina violaea	Leipocten trigranulum
Neritina achatina	Ilyoplax serra
Littorinopsis scabra	Macrophthalmus(Mareotis?pacificus
Littorinopsis intermedia	Metaplax sheni
Batil1aria cumingi	Anchisquilla fasciata
Nassarius(Reticunassa)festivus	Cloridopsis scorpio
Nassarius(Zeuxis) siquijorensis	Oratosquilla oratoria
Nassarius thesites	Oratosquilla kempi
Loligo duvaucelii	Tachypleus tudentatus
Littorinopsis melanostom

Appendix 6. The List of Butterfly in the Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name

Papille demolkeus

Papille polytes

Papille memnon

Graphium agamemnon

Graphium sarpedon

Dellas aglaja

Eurema hecabe

Ixias pyrene

Salatura agenutia

Euploae core

Euploea mulciber

Melanitis leada

Nymphalidea

Precis atlites

Precis almana

Precis lemonias

Precis iphita

Precis orithya

Phalanta phalantha

Cupha erymanthis

Hypolimnsa bolina

Neptis hylas

Rohana parisatis

Vagrans egista

Lampides boeticus

Pseudozeerla maha

Hasora chromus

Appendix. 7. The list of mammals in the Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific Name

Paguma Laryate

Tupaia glis modesta

Hystrix hodgson

Lutra lutra hainana Xu et Liu

Rousettus leschenaulti

Cynopterus sphinx

Ratufa bicolor

Callosciurus erythraeus

Appendix 8. Amphibians and Reptiles in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve

Scientific name

Rhacophorus leucomystax

Calotes versicolor

Rana limnocharis Boie

Bungarus fasciatus

Bungarus multicinctus

Naja naja

Python molurus

References:

1. Lin Peng, (1990). Proceedings of Mangrove Research, Publishing House of Xiamen University

2. Lin Peng (1997). Mangrove Ecosystem In China, Scientific Publishing House, China

3. Chen Kelin, (1994). Guideline of Conservation and Wiseuse Wetlands, China Forestry Publishing House

4. Lu Jianjian, (1990). Wetlands of China?Publishing House of East China Normal University.

5. Zheng Dezhang, Zheng Songfa & Liao Baowen, (1995). Study of Mangrove Evolution Dynamics in Qinglangang, Hainan Island, Guangdong Scientific Publishing House.

6. Song Chaoshu,(1987) Working manual of Nature Reserve, China Forestry Publishing House.

7. Forestry Bureau of Qiongshan County?(1990), Forestry Annals of Qiongshan County, Sanhuan Publishing House, China.

8. Water Conservancy Bureau of Qiongshan County (1990), Water Conservancy Annuals of Qiongshan County. Sanhuan Publishing House, China.

9.Fu Aiyuan?(1995). The mangrove of Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve, Vegetation of Guangxi.

10. Collar, N., Crosby, M.J., and Stattersfield, A.J. (1994). Bird to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds. BirdLife International. Cambridge, UK. Pp. 407.

11. Fan Hangqing and Liang Shichu. (1995). Eds. Research and Management on China Mangroves. China Science Press. Pp. 208.

12. Lin Peng (1993). Mangrove research Papers (II) (1990-1992). Xiamen University Press. Pp. 186.

File 1
Prefatory
Chapter 1

File 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 3

File 3
Chapters 4 & 5
Appendices

The Convention today

Number of » Contracting Parties: 167 Sites designated for the
» List of Wetlands of
International Importance: 2,122 Total surface area of designated sites (hectares): 205,366,160

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